Isolated fourth nerve palsy
نویسنده
چکیده
Isolated fourth nerve palsy is usually benign. The most common etiologies are congenital, traumatic, ischemic, and idiopathic causes. Extensive evaluations for isolated fourth nerve palsies are generally not indicated, but more intensive evaluation for underlying etiology may be necessary for nonisolated or bilateral fourth nerve palsies. Evaluation of ocular torsion enables differentiation of fourth nerve palsy from skew deviation and other causes of vertical diplopia. Spectacle prisms and strabismus surgery are effective treatments for most unresolved cases.
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